Turner syndrome Wikipedia. Turner syndrome. Synonyms. UllrichTurner syndrome, gonadal dysgenesis, 4. X, 4. 5X0. Girl with Turner syndrome before and after an operation for neck webbing. The Body And Society Turner Pdf MergerSpecialty. Pediatrics, medical genetics. Symptoms. Webbed neck, short stature, swollen hands and feet1Complications. Heart defects, diabetes, low thyroid hormone1Usual onset. Meaning, Form, and Body. Edited and with a preface by Fey Parrill, Vera Tobin, and Mark Turner. Stanford Center for the Study of Language and Information. Joseph Mallord William Turner RA 23 April 1775 19 December 1851, known as J. M. W. Turner, was an English Romantic painter, printmaker and watercolourist, known. How To Run A Fortran Program In Command Prompt. CSM Required Seminars Corporate Safety Management. A forum to share challenges, craft solutions, and implement the necessary skills to be successful in positioning. Access Brain Facts, a primer on the brain and nervous system, published by the Society for Neuroscience. Brain Facts is a valuable resource for secondary school. Fit for Frailty Part 2 1 British Geriatrics Society 2015 What is Frailty u Frailty is a distinctive health state related to the ageing process in which multiple body. Brock Turner, a former Stanford University swimmer, is scheduled for early release from jail on Friday after serving three months for sexual assault. Influence of cosmetics 3 Influence of Cosmetics on the Confidence of College Women An Exploratory Study In America, women are constantly bombarded with images of. The Body And Society Turner Pdf Editor' title='The Body And Society Turner Pdf Editor' />At birth1Duration. Long term. Causes. Missing X chromosome2Diagnostic method. Physical signs, genetic testing3Medication. Human growth hormone, estrogen replacement therapy4Prognosis. Shorter life expectancy5Frequency. Turner syndrome TS, also known as 4. X or 4. 5,X0, is a condition in which a female is partly or completely missing an X chromosome. Signs and symptoms vary among those affected. Often, a short and webbed neck, low set ears, low hairline at the back of the neck, short stature, and swollen hands and feet are seen at birth. Typically, they develop menstrual periods and breasts only with hormone treatment, and are unable to have children without reproductive technology. Heart defects, diabetes, and low thyroid hormone occur more frequently. Most people with TS have normal intelligence. Many, however, have troubles with spatial visualization that may be needed for mathematics. Vision and hearing problems occur more often. Turner syndrome is not usually inherited from a persons parents. No environmental risks are known, and the mothers age does not play a role. Turner syndrome is due to a chromosomal abnormality in which all or part of one of the X chromosomes is missing or altered. While most people have 4. TS usually have 4. The chromosomal abnormality may be present in just some cells in which case it is known as TS with mosaicism. In these cases, the symptoms are usually fewer and possibly none occur at all. Diagnosis is based on physical signs and genetic testing. No cure for Turner syndrome is known. Treatment, however, may help with symptoms. Human growth hormone injections during childhood may increase adult height. Estrogen replacement therapy can promote development of the breasts and hips. Medical care is often required to manage other health problems with which TS is associated. Turner syndrome occurs in between one in 2. All regions of the world and cultures are affected about equally. Generally people with TS have a shorter life expectancy, mostly due to heart problems and diabetes. Henry Turner first described the condition in 1. In 1. 96. 4, it was determined to be due to a chromosomal abnormality. Signs and symptomseditLymphedema, puffy legs of a newborn with Turner syndrome. Of the following common symptoms of Turner syndrome, an individual may have any combination of symptoms and is unlikely to have all symptoms. Short stature. Lymphedema swelling of the hands and feet of a newborn. Broad chest shield chest and widely spaced nipples. Low posterior hairline. Low set ears. Reproductive sterility. Rudimentary ovaries gonadal streak underdeveloped gonadal structures that later become fibroticAmenorrhoea, the absence of a menstrual period. Increased weight, obesity. Shortened metacarpal IVSmall fingernails. Characteristic facial features. Webbed neck from cystic hygroma in infancy. Aortic valve stenosis. Coarctation of the aorta. Bicuspid aortic valve most common cardiac problemHorseshoe kidney. Visual impairments sclera, cornea, glaucoma, etc. Ear infections and hearing loss. High waist to hip ratio the hips are not much bigger than the waistAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder problems with concentration, memory, attention with hyperactivity seen mostly in childhood and adolescenceNonverbal learning disability problems with maths, social skills, and spatial relationsOther features may include a small lower jaw micrognathia, cubitus valgus,1. Less common are pigmented moles, hearing loss, and a high arch palate narrow maxilla. Turner syndrome manifests itself differently in each female affected by the condition therefore, no two individuals share the same features. While most of the physical findings are harmless, significant medical problems can be associated with the syndrome. Most of these significant conditions are treatable with surgery and medication. PrenataleditDespite the excellent postnatal prognosis, 9. Turner syndrome conceptions are thought to end in miscarriage or stillbirth,1. X karyotype. 1. 6 Among cases that are detected by routine amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling, one study found that the prevalence of Turner syndrome among tested pregnancies was 5. CardiovasculareditThe rate of cardiovascular malformations among patients with Turner syndrome ranges from 1. The variations found in the different studies are mainly attributable to variations in noninvasive methods used for screening and the types of lesions that they can characterize. However,2. 1 it could be simply attributable to the small number of subjects in most studies. Different karyotypes may have differing rates of cardiovascular malformations. Two studies found a rate of cardiovascular malformations of 3. X monosomy. Considering other karyotype groups, though, they reported a prevalence of 2. X monosomy, and a rate of 1. X chromosomal structural abnormalities. The higher rate in the group of pure 4. X monosomy is primarily due to a difference in the rate of aortic valve abnormalities and coarctation of the aorta, the two most common cardiovascular malformations. Congenital heart diseaseeditThe most commonly observed are congenital obstructive lesions of the left side of the heart, leading to reduced flow on this side of the heart. This includes bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation narrowing of the aorta. More than 5. 0 of the cardiovascular malformations of individuals with Turner syndrome in one study were bicuspid aortic valves or coarctation of the aorta usually preductal, alone or in combination. Other congenital cardiovascular malformations, such as partial anomalous venous drainage and aortic valve stenosis or aortic regurgitation, are also more common in Turner syndrome than in the general population. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome represents the most severe reduction in left sided structures. Bicuspid aortic valveeditUp to 1. Turner syndrome have bicuspid aortic valves, meaning only two, instead of three, parts to the valves in the main blood vessel leading from the heart are present. Since bicuspid valves are capable of regulating blood flow properly, this condition may go undetected without regular screening. However, bicuspid valves are more likely to deteriorate and later fail. Calcification also occurs in the valves,2. With a rate from 1. Dawson Falk et al., 1. It is usually isolated, but it may be seen in combination with other anomalies, particularly coarctation of the aorta. Coarctation of the aortaeditBetween 5 and 1. Turner syndrome have coarctation of the aorta, a congenital narrowing of the descending aorta, usually just distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery the artery that branches off the arch of the aorta to the left arm and opposite to the duct and so termed juxtaductal. Estimates of the prevalence of this malformation in patients with Turner syndrome range from 6. A coarctation of the aorta in a female is suggestive of Turner syndrome and suggests the need for further tests, such as a karyotype.
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