Slit lamp Wikipedia. Side view of a slit lamp machine. Zeiss Standard 14 Microscope Manual' title='Zeiss Standard 14 Microscope Manual' />Cataract in human eye magnified view seen on examination with the slit lamp. The slit lamp is an instrument consisting of a high intensity light source that can be focused to shine a thin sheet of light into the eye. It is used in conjunction with a biomicroscope. The lamp facilitates an examination of the anterior segment and posterior segment of the human eye, which includes the eyelid, sclera, conjunctiva, iris, natural crystalline lens, and cornea. The binocular slit lamp examination provides a stereoscopic magnified view of the eye structures in detail, enabling anatomical diagnoses to be made for a variety of eye conditions. A second, hand held lens is used to examine the retina. Knitted Toy Patterns. HistoryeditTwo conflicting trends emerged in the development of the slit lamp. Zeiss Standard 14 Microscope Manual' title='Zeiss Standard 14 Microscope Manual' />One trend originated from clinical research and aimed to apply the increasingly complex and advanced technology of the time. The second trend originated from ophthalmologic practice and aimed at technical perfection and a restriction to useful methods. The first man credited with developments in this field was Hermann von Helmholtz 1. In ophthalmology and optometry, the instrument is called a slit lamp, although it is more correctly called a slit lamp instrument. Todays instrument is a combination of two separate developments, the corneal microscope and the slit lamp itself. The first concept of a slit lamp dates back to 1. Alvar Gullstrand and his large reflection free ophthalmoscope. The instrument was manufactured by Zeiss and consisted of a special illuminator connected to a small stand base through a vertical adjustable column. Zeiss Standard 14 Microscope Manual' title='Zeiss Standard 14 Microscope Manual' />The base was able to move freely on a glass plate. The illuminator employed a Nernst glower which was later converted into a slit through a simple optical system. However, the instrument never received much attention and the term slit lamp did not appear in any literature again until 1. PIUSA offers Precision Microscope Stage systems. We provide high Resolution Microscope Stages, ZObjective positioners for imaging, biotech and nanotechnology. It wasnt until 1. Gullstrand slit lamp made by Vogt Henker. First, a mechanical connection was made between lamp and ophthalmoscopic lens. This illumination unit was mounted to the table column with a double articulated arm. The binocular microscope was supported on a small stand and could be moved freely across the tabletop. Later, a cross slide stage was used for this purpose. Vogt introduced Koehler illumination, and the reddish Nernst glower was replaced with the brighter and whiter incandescent lamp. Special mention should be paid to the experiments that followed Henkers improvements in 1. On his improvements the Nitra lamp was replaced with a carbon arc lamp with a liquid filter. At this time the great importance of color temperature and the luminance of the light source for slit lamp examinations were recognized and the basis created for examinations in red free light. In the year 1. Carl Zeiss German pronunciation kal tsas, branded as ZEISS, is a German manufacturer of optical systems, industrial measurements and medical devices. Leica M620 F18 Leica M620 CM18 Leica M620 CT18 User manual 10 714 371 Version. Italian company that offers incubators for time lapse experiments. The vertical arrangement of the projector made it easy to handle. For the first time, the axis through the patients eye was fixed along a common swiveling axis, although the instrument still lacked a coordinate cross slide stage for instrument adjustment. The importance of focal illumination had not yet been fully recognized. In 1. In 1. 93. 0, Rudolf Theil further developed the slit lamp, encouraged by Hans Goldmann. Horizontal and vertical co ordinate adjustments were performed with three control elements on the cross slide stage. The common swivel axis for microscope and illumination system was connected to the cross slide stage, which allowed it to be brought to any part of the eye to be examined. A further improvement was made in 1. A control lever or joystick was used for the first time to allow for horizontal movement. Following World War II the slit lamp was improved again. On this particular improvement the slit projector could be swiveled continuously across the front of the microscope. Avalon One Groove Activator'>Avalon One Groove Activator. This was improved again in 1. Littmann redesigned the slit lamp. They adopted the joystick control from the Goldmann instrument and the illumination path present in the Comberg instrument. Additionally, Littmann added the stereo telescope system with a common objective magnification changer. In 1. Model 1. 001. Slit Lamp was produced based on the slit lamp by Littmann. This was soon followed by the Model 1. Slit Lamp in 1. 97. The only difference between the two models was their operating distances of 1. With the introduction of the photo slit lamp further advancements were possible. In 1. 97. 6, the development of the Model 1. Slit Lamp and the 2. Photo Slit Lamps were an innovation by which each were constructed from standard modules allowing for a wide range of different configurations. At the same time, halogen lamps replaced the old illumination systems to make them brighter and essentially daylight quality. From 1. 99. 4 onwards, new slit lamps were introduced which took advantage of new technologies. The last major development was in 1. See also From Lateral Illumination to Slit Lamp An Outline of Medical History. General procedureeditWhile a patient is seated in the examination chair, they rest their chin and forehead on a support to steady the head. Using the biomicroscope, the ophthalmologist or optometrist then proceeds to examine the patients eye. A fine strip of paper, stained with fluorescein, a fluorescent dye, may be touched to the side of the eye this stains the tear film on the surface of the eye to aid examination. The dye is naturally rinsed out of the eye by tears. A subsequent test may involve placing drops in the eye in order to dilate the pupils. The drops take about 1. Patients will experience some light sensitivity for a few hours after this exam, and the dilating drops may also cause increased pressure in the eye, leading to nausea and pain. Patients who experience serious symptoms are advised to seek medical attention immediately. Adults need no special preparation for the test however children may need some preparation, depending on age, previous experiences, and level of trust. Slit Lamp IlluminationseditVarious methods of slitlamp illumination are required to obtain full advantage of slit lamp biomicroscope. There are mainly six type of illuminating options 1. Diffuse illumination, 2. Direct focal illumination, 3. Specular reflection, 4. Transillumination or retroillumination, 5. Indirect lateral illumination or Indirect proximal illumination and 6. Sclerotic scatter. Oscillatory Illumination is sometimes considered an illumination technique. Observation with an optical section or direct focal illumination is the most frequently applied method of examination with the slit lamp. With this method, the axes of illuminating and viewing path intersect in the area of the anterior eye media to be examined, for example, the individual corneal layers1. Diffuse illuminationedit. Diffuse Illumination of anterior segment. If media, especially that of the cornea, are opaque, optical section images are often impossible depending on severity. In these cases, diffuse illumination may be used to advantage. For this, the slit is opened very wide and a diffuse, attenuated survey illumination is produced by inserting a ground glass screen or diffuser in the illuminating path. Wide beam illumination is the only type that has the light source set wide open. Its main purpose is to illuminate as much of the eye and its adnexa at once for general observation. Direct focal illuminationedit.